Diabetes : Types and management

Diabetes or diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose level (hyperglycemia), which occurs due to defect in insulin action, secretion of insulin or both.

Blood glucose (sugar) is the result of the body breaking down the food consumed (usually carbohydrates) into glucose. The body then transports glucose through the bloodstream to all the calls in the body, where it is finally used for energy

Insulin is a hormone produced by pancreas which is responsible for transporting glucose in the blood into the cells for energy, thus, resulting in diabetes.

When the body doesn't make sufficient insulin or doesn't use it as expected, the glucose (sugar) remain in the bloodstream rather than being transported to the cells for energy.

Symptoms include: 

Polydipsia (frequent urination)
Polyphagia (increased thirst)
Polyuria (increased hunger)

Types of diabetes

Type 1 diabetes: This is a autoimmune disease that causes the immune system to destroy the cells in the pancreas responsible for producing insulin. Because of this, individuals with type 1 diabetes will not be able to produce insulin naturally and they have to be taking insulin regularly.

Causes : Genetic causes.

Type 2 diabetes : This is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood glucose in the state of insulin resistance (The pancreas produces insulin but the cells resists it)  and relative insulin deficiency ( The pancreas stops producing sufficient insulin to deal with chronically high blood sugar).

Type 2 diabetes may be described as one of the diseases of affluence, that economic development and personal lifestyle may be responsible for e.g unhealthy nutrition, sedentary lifestyle, lack of exercise.

Causes : 1) lifestyle causes
               2) Genetic causes

3) Gestational diabetes : This is a short-term medical condition that occur during pregnancy. It involves an increased risk of developing diabetes for both mother and child in the future.

4) Prediabetes : This is the predecessor  of diabetes in which the blood sugar becomes abnormally high. It can be treated with proper diet (keto diet - see label below to read more on keto diet) and sufficient physical exercise.

Management and prevention

At present, there is no means of preventing Type 1 diabetes, however, insulin therapy/insulin can help manage it.

Type 2 diabetes could be managed by :

- Maintaining healthy weight and proper diet ( Ketosis Advanced and Ketogenic diet can help achieve this ).

- Regular exercise: physical exercise boosts the sensitivity of cells to insulin. Regular exercise and proper nutrition can possibly revert insulin resistance.

- Medication: Specific medications works together with proper diet and exercise.

It should be noted that the fact that one of your parents has or had diabetes does not imply that you must or will have it too, but it means that you are also at high risk of having it.

Type 2 diabetes could generally be prevented by living a healthy lifestyle and proper nutrition.

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Related : All you need to know about ketogenic diet

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