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Diabetes or diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose level (hyperglycemia), which occurs due to defect in insulin action, secretion of insulin or both. Blood glucose (sugar) is the result of the body breaking down the food consumed (usually carbohydrates) into glucose. The body then transports glucose through the bloodstream to all the calls in the body, where it is finally used for energy Insulin is a hormone produced by pancreas which is responsible for transporting glucose in the blood into the cells for energy, thus, resulting in diabetes. When the body doesn't make sufficient insulin or doesn't use it as expected, the glucose (sugar) remain in the bloodstream rather than being transported to the cells for energy. Symptoms include:  Polydipsia (frequent urination) Polyphagia (increased thirst) Polyuria (increased hunger) Types of diabetes Type 1 diabetes: This is a autoimmune disease that causes the immune system to...

        Genotype is the genetic constitution of an individual organism, it indicates the certain gene that an individual is carrying. Genotype is part of the genetic makeup of a cell. The red blood cells contains hemoglobin : Hemoglobin is a substance which helps in carrying oxygen to the tissues. Hemoglobin comprise of - Heme and Globin; the heme and globin are two pairs of protein chain. When we have an amino acid substitution, specifically in the globin chain, then certainly, there is an abnormality. Note : Amino acid are the building blocks of protein.      Let's say the chain suppose to consist of amino acid 'D' but it is instead substituted for 'F' at a particular point of the chain, then, there is definitely an error which would lead to abnormality.             Types of genotype - AA :  At the sixth position of both Globin chains, we have 'Glutamate'(Normal) - AC : At the sixth position of one ...